Exceptional People

Read about the people below, and discuss the questions with partners. Have you heard of any of these peolple?
Hãy đọc thông tin về những nhân vật dưới đây, và thảo luận những câu hỏi sau với các bạn. Bạn đã từng nghe thông tin về những người này chưa?

Harriet Tubman (c.1820-1913) American abolitionist. Born a slave, she became of the most successful leaders of the Underground Railroad, an organisation created to help slaves escape to the North. She personally led more than 700 slaves to freedom. Although she is not a well-known individual outside of the U.S, she is widely respected in American history.	Pelé (Edson Arantes do Nascimento) (1940) Brazilian soccer player. Pelé is one of the best-known players in the history of soccer. He won his first World Cup with Brazil when he was only 17 years old. He made soccer a better-known sport throughout the world. Pelé changed the game forever, and he is considered a pioneer of modern soccer.	Stephen Hawking (1942) British theoretical physicist. He has written about the Big Bang theory of the origin of the universe and theorised about black holes. His best-selling book, A Brief History of Time, is a popular account of modern cosmology. Since his early twenties, he has suffered from a disabling disease, which has not prevented him from continuing.

1. What sort of impact have these people had on other people? On history?
2. Who do you think are there of the most important international figures of the last thirty years? What did they achieve?

Discuss:
Hãy thảo luận:
Who are three people from your country who have made a significant impact. Make brief notes about them, and make a brief class presentation about one of them.

Name	Field	Key information about his/her life	Major achievements and impact

Brainstorm:
Hãy động não:
1. Many exceptional people were driven by one or two guiding principles that shaped the way they lived. Look at these quotations from famous people. Can restate these principles in your own words?

2. What are your guiding principles?
Think over:
Hãy suy ngẫm:
What are the most important principles you follow? Write one or two principles for each of the situations below. Then discuss them with the members of your group. Do you share any of the same principles?

• Dealing with other people
• Setting goals for yourself
• Coping with problems at work or school

Read and think:
Hãy đọc và suy nghĩ:
You must find out as much as you can about Nelson Mandela from other students. After you have finished asking other students for information about Mr. Mandela, share with your partners what you found out.

Nelson Mandela launches comic book

 Nelson Mandela has launched the first in a series of nine comic books based on his life. Mandela is a real-life super hero in South Africa and most of the world because of his fight to end apartheid.
 Five young African illustrators and cartoonists drew the pictures for the books. The aim is to re-awaken young South Africans to their rich history. One million free copies were sent to schoolchildren across the country. The series will eventually be translated into South Africa's 10 other official languages. The books will also go global. They should sell well in Japan's $7 billion a year comic book market.
 Artist Nic Buchanan, a white South African educated at a top university, wants people to know the truth about his country’s history. He criticized his own education, which he says did not focus on black history. He is sad that the history he was taught started with the arrival of the first white people to South Africa in 1652. He said, “Everything before then was written off as savagery or barbarism”. He also said, “Any story that involved heroism was about white people.” Buchanan is angry that until 1994, white governments had hidden their knowledge of black history from South Africans.
Talk together:
Hãy thảo luận:
a. Did the headline make you want to read the article?
b. How do you think Nelson Mandela might feel about becoming a comic book hero?
c. Do you think black South African schoolchildren will enjoy learning the truth about white governments?
d. What can we learn from Nelson Mandela?
e. Would you like to read the new comic books about Mr. Mandela?

Think and talk:
Hãy suy nghĩ và thảo luận:
1. Read what this person says about heroic behaviour. What is this person’s definition of a hero? Do you agree with the definition?

2. Discuss these questions.
1. Can you add three more examples of everyday heroism?
2. Has someone been a hero to you recently? Describe what happened.
3. Have you been a hero to someone lately? What did you do?

Give presentation:
Hãy trình bày:
You must give a presentation on a great world hero (or one nearer home). Use the cues below to create the information for your presentation:

	INFORMATION
Family background
Political situation at time of birth
Childhood
Events that influenced the person
Struggles
Hardships
Turning points
Victories
Achievements
How the person changed the world

1. Discuss what you wrote or thought about.
2. Give feedback on how to improve your presentation information.
3. Borrow good sentences or ideas from your partner(s) and add them to your own.
4. Give your presentations and vote on the best ones.
5. With new partners, talk about what you learned from the presentations.

Present your ideas:
Hãy trình bày ý kiến của mình:
1. Think of someone that you admire: a public person or someone you know personally. Why do you admire him or her? Make notes in the chart.

2. Describe the person you choose. Give details and examples of why you admire this person.
3. Decide which qualities you most admire in other people.

Discuss these situations. What would you do to make a difference?
Hãy thảo luận về những trường hợp sau. Bạn sẽ làm gì để tạo nên sự khác biệt?

Share ideas about these points with the others.
Chia xẻ ý kiến về những đề tài sau với các bạn.

1. Have you ever met a famous person or received a letter from someone famous? Tell the class about it
2. In your opinion, what are the advantages and disadvantages of being high achievers? Make two lists.
3. Do you think the lives of all famous people are affected by the points on your lists? Name some people who are, or have been, most affected.
4. What would you most like and most dislike about being famous or rich?
5. Why do you admire certain people? What do you think might be admirable about the people in the pictures?
6. It has been said that in the future, everyone will be famous for at least fifteen minutes. Do you think this is likely to happen to you?
7. If you were famous, how would you use your fame?
8. In your opinion, what are “the keys to success” in your life? Discuss.
9. Have you ever met someone who had s strong influence on you? How did they influence you?

Unit 5: Festival & Holiday

Discuss.
Hãy thảo luận.

1. Make a list of some of the festivals and holidays in your country. 2. Compare your list with your neighbour’s. Are they similar? Which ones are different? 3. Tell the rest of the class about your list. Make a class list of all the festivals and holidays you have thought of. If you know of any special holidays in other countries, add them to the list. 4. Look at your list again. Which of the festivals and holidays are religious? Which ones are related to the different seasons of the year? Are any of them national days? 5. Of course, not all special days are holidays. Here are some days which are special in Britain. Some are holidays and some are not.

     Discuss each date. What is it called? Is it a holiday? What do people do then? Is it a special day in your country?

Mark your holiday preferences in the following table.
Hãy đánh dấu vào bảng đề cập đến sở thích về các kỳ nghỉ dưới đây.

Type of Holiday	Like	Neutral	Dislike
Sunbathing by the sea
Touring historical sites
Going overseas
Walking through mountains
Bungee jumping
Sailing
Shopping
Staying at a hotel
Camping
Joining an adventure holiday

Now let’s share ideas with your partners.
Bây giờ hãy chia xẻ ý kiến của mình với các bạn.

Discuss.
Hãy thảo luận.
1. Read this article about people going on holiday. Which things are people worried about? Which things do they like about holidays?

2. Make a list of all the good points and bad points about going on holiday. Add your own ideas. Tell the rest of the class about your list.

Brainstorm.
Hãy động não.

1. Have you ever been a guest in someone's house in a foreign or in your home country?
If ever, so when?
Why?
What happened?
2. On what occasions do people entertain guests in your country? At what time of the day? What sorts of preparation are there? Should the guests bring with them a present?
Design parties.
Hãy thiết kế những buổi tiệc.
Entertaining guests.

Occasion	Time of day	Preparation	Anything to bring

3. Look at these pictures. Do you think they are friends, college or business partners?

4. Below are three descriptions of how people entertain guests in their countries. Sumie is from Japan, Rosa is from Spain and Leslie is from the United States.
 In my country, Japan, usually we invite guests home at the weekend, in the early evening, about seven o'clock. Before they come, we must tidy the front garden and clean the entrance hall. Then we must spray it all with water to show that we welcome guests with cleanliness. The guests usually bring presents and then when they give you the present they say, "I'm sorry this is such a small present”, but in fact they have chosen the present very carefully. When the meal is ready, the hostess says, "We have nothing special for you today but you are welcome to come this way". You can see that in Japan you should try to be modest and you should not show off too much. If you don't understand our culture you will think this is very strange.
When we have foreign guests we try to serve traditional Japanese meals like sushi, tempura, or sukiyaki but when we have Japanese guests, we serve all kind of food such as spaghetti, Chinese food or steaks. When guests leave, the host and hostess see them out of the house and wait until their car turns the corner of the street; they wait until they can't see them anymore.
 I come from Spain. At home what we love most is going out to eat in bars and restaurants. There is a big choice and you can go from one bar to another trying different things and having a few drinks, usually wine or beer. But sometimes we also like to invite people to our home.
I usually invite my friends for an informal meal. I cook Spanish omelet, which is made with potatoes, onions and eggs, fried in olive oil. Then we have things like cheese, ham called Jabugo, something delicious and worth trying. And then things like olives, anchovies, mussels. We drink wine or beer. Some people may bring a bottle of wine or something for pudding. We usually meet late in the evening, about eight-thirty or nine. Of course we dress casually; we just want to be relaxed and comfortable, and talk and laugh together.
 I'm from the United States. Sometimes when our family gets together with other families, we have what's called a "pot luck supper", which can take place in the evening or even at lunchtime. This is an informal occasion held perhaps in someone's garden, so people dress casually but nicely. Invitations can be written or made by phone, and each person is asked to bring a dish of food. They're given a choice of starter, main course, salad or vegetable, or dessert. The hostess knows how many of each kind of dish she needs but not exactly what the guests will bring. This is why it is called 'pot luck', as it is a lovely surprise, holding a dinner party without knowing what you are going to feed your guests. As the guests arrive, they put their dish, or pot as it is used to be called, on the table and the meal is served buffet-style, and drinks are provided, although some guests might bring a bottle of wine as a present.
I really enjoy this kind of entertaining; It's a fun, relaxed way of getting together with friends.

Discuss.
Hãy thảo luận.
1. Look at what these businesspeople say about entertaining customs in their countries. How much do you think it's the same in your country?

2. Look at these sentences and discuss whether they are true [T] or false [F]?
1. It's often difficult for American women to invite their business partners to dinner.
2. It's very important to see your business partner socially.
3. Businessmen enjoy playing sports with women.
4. If you see a woman with a man in a restaurant it can't be business.
5. Business lunches are often difficult to arrange.
6. You should never take your business partners to the same restaurant as your colleagues.
Now read this article by an American businesswoman and see if you are right.
Bây giờ hãy đọc bài báo của một nữ thương gia người Mỹ sau và xem thử ý kiến của bạn có đúng không.
 In the world of business, it is not always easy for women to do the same thing as men. Consider the following dinner.
In order to do the job well, it's important to sometimes see clients and business contacts away from the office. In a more relaxed atmosphere, you can get to know your business partner better. In the end, after all, people do business with people they like.

Women start out at a disadvantage because, unless you're Nancy Lopez or Martina Navratilova, it's tough to invite men out for a game of golf or tennis. Men usually prefer to play sports with other men.

You might think that restaurants are the perfect playing field. But they can be dangerous ground. If people from the office see two men they know having dinner together, they think it's business. If colleagues see a woman dining with a man, they often wonder if it's another kind of business.

I'm still looking for the perfect solution. Breakfasts are out because I find it impossible to be pleasant at 7 AM over a bowl of muesli. I love lunching, but that's usually a bad time for busy people, especially if they are on the road. So that brings us back to dinner.
One answer is to take another colleague or client to the dinner so that no one can think it a tete-a-tete. Of course, this isn't always convenient. So when I can't do this, I take guys out for dinner one-on-one o places where I’m most likely to see colleagues. The more your colleagues see you doing working dinners with different men, the more they know it is part of your business style.
Discuss.
Hãy thảo luận.
- Do you agree with the writer's opinions? Why / why not?
- How can you envisage the image of a businesswoman entertaining her clients in a restaurant? Is that image socially accepted?

Think over.
Hãy suy ngẫm.
1. How often do you eat out? When you go to a restaurant, which of the following is the most important to you?
elegant surroundings
lively atmosphere
romantic atmosphere
good food
efficient service
low prices
2. Look at the three situations below.
1 A meal out with your husband / wife / boyfriend / girlfriend.
2 A meal with an important business client.
3 A celebration with a large group of colleagues from work.
Now put the things from the list in (1) in order of importance for you (1 = most important) in the three situations.

Situation 1	Situation 2	Situation 3

Share ideas about these points with the others.
Chia xẻ ý kiến về những đề tài sau với các bạn.
1. Imagine you can go on holiday for a month. You can go wherever you like and spend as much money as you want. What kind of holiday would you choose? Write down your ideal holiday.
2. Imagine you’re going on a month’s holiday travelling around Europe by train. What problems might you encounter? Make a list. What precautions would you take?
3. What would be the best way for a visitor without a car to travel round your country visiting places of interest?
4. Talk about your last holiday or a holiday you remember because it was special.
5. Why do so many people eat out nowadays? What is considered important when eating out?
6. What do you think about a businesswoman taking a client to dinner? Does that image embarrass you? Why / why not?
7. Is entertaining friends a must or a leisure? Don’t you think that entertaining friends is a waste of time and money?

Unit 4: Men And Women

     Are little boys more aggressive than little girls? Do girls cry more than boys? Think over. First, make sure that you understand the meaning of the adjectives in the box. Then, put a (√) next to the statements you think are true.
     Có phải các cậu bé trai hung hăng hơn các cô bé gái? Có phải các cô bé gái khóc nhiều hơn các cậu bé trai? Hãy suy ngẫm. Đầu tiên, hãy chắc chắn rằng bạn nắm vững nghĩa của những tính từ trong bảng sau. Sau đó, đánh dấu (√) vào câu mà bạn nghĩ là đúng.

1. Girls are more sensitive than boys. 2. Girls need more attention than boys. 3. Boys are more selfish than girls. 4. Boys are more athletic than girls. 5. Girls are more talkative than boys. 6. Girls are more cooperative than boys. 7. Boys are louder than girls. 8. Boys make better leaders than girls. 9. Girls start talking sooner than boys. 10. Girls start reading sooner than boys. 11. Boys are better at math than girls. 12. Boys have more accidents than girls. 13. Girls are sneakier than boys. 14. Girls are bossier than boys.

15. Boys are more aggressive than girls. 16. Boys are more competitive than girls. 17. Girls are better listeners than boys. 18. Girls are more sociable than boys. 19. Boys are more analytical than girls. 20. Boys are more intelligent than girls. 21. Girls cry more than boys. 22. Girls are shyer than boys. 23. Boys are more confident than girls. 24. Boys are more ambitious than girls. 25. Girls are more affectionate than boys. 26. Girls are more manipulative than boys. 27. Boys are more critical than girls. 28. Boys are more stubborn than girls.

Think over.
Hãy suy ngẫm.
1. Fill in this questionnaire by yourself.

What sex are you?	Male	Female
If you grew up with both parents, which one did you feel closest to?
What was your favourite toy when you were a child?
What was your favourite subject at school?
What subject did you dislike most at school?
What was your hobby when you were a child?
What did you expect of your future when you were a teenager?

2. Compare your answers.
i) with someone of the same sex.
ii) with someone of the opposite sex.

Text adapted from Jackie Annual 1982

Present your opinions.
Hãy trình bày ý kiến.
1. Do girls brag as much as boys do?
2. Do girls mature physically and emotionally earlier than boys do?
3. Do you agree that girls should not do “boy” stuff such as:

	Agree	Disagree
Mountain climbing
Computer games (Nintendo)
Smoking
Going to night-clubs
Fighting
Getting drunk
Riding motorbike
Flying kites
Wrestling
Boxing

4. Discuss the differences between boys and girls in terms of:

Weight Height Cleanliness

Appearance Intelligence Natural ability (e.g. music)

5. Do you think the following types of behaviour are learned or in-born? Explain your answers.

	Learned	In-Born
Boys boast, girls gossip.
Girls like dolls, boys love toy trucks.
Girls are more sensitive emotionally than boys.
Boys do woodwork and metalwork, girls cook and knit.
Girls excel in art and humanities, boys in sciences.
Boys are career-oriented, girls family-oriented.

     Here is a quiz about some of the differences between men and women. Do you think these sentences are true or false?
     Dưới đây là những câu đố về sự khác nhau giữa nam và nữ. Theo bạn những ý kiến này đúng hay sai?

1. Men have bigger brains than women. 2. On average, men live longer than women. 3. More women are color-blind than men. 4. A woman’s heart beats more slowly than a man’s heart. 5. Men suffer from more broken bones than women do. 6. Generally speaking, women earn as much money as men. 7. Men commit more murders than women. 8. More women than men consider themselves attractive. 9. Men are more likely than women to say that they would marry the same person all over again. 10. More women than men say they are happier after their divorce. 11. In most households, it’s the man who apologizes first. 12. In most households, the man takes out the garbage.

Brainstorm.
Hãy động não.
     Write down the things that need to change in your country for women to be equal. Use the points in the left hand column to help you. In the right hand column, write down the barriers to these changes happening.

	Changes needed	Barriers to change
Image of women
Education
Language
Workplace
Children’s upbringing
Family roles
Other

Think over.
Hãy suy ngẫm.
1. Working Women: Talk about who can do these jobs best – men or women:

	Men	Women		Men	Women
• Leader of a country			• Comedian
• Soldier			• CEO
• Chef			• Religious leader
• Racing car driver			• Nurse
• Teacher			• Clown
• Pilot			• Miner
• Secretary			• Beautician

2. World Women: Write a score of 1 (very bad) to 10 (wonderful) based on what you think it is like to be a woman in these countries:
• USA
• China
• India
• Brazil
• Saudi Arabia
• Russia
• Thailand
• Japan

Discuss.
Hãy thảo luận.
a. Did the headline make you want to read the article?
b. Do you think Kofi Annan does enough for women?
c. Do you think the UN is s good place to work for women?
d. What do you think the United Nations should do about women’s issues?
e. What do you know about International Women’s Day?
f. Do you think there should also be an International Men’s Day?
g. Do you think the world is moving towards greater equality between the sexes?
h. What do you think Kofi Annan will say about the letter from the coalition of women’s groups?

Share ideas about these points with the others.
Chia xẻ ý kiến về những đề tài sau với các bạn.
1. Do you think that girls and boys are born with certain personality traits? Or does society teach girls to be like girls and boys to be like boys?
2. Many parents try to treat their sons and daughters equally and in a non-sexist way. However, they often report that their daughters prefer to play with dolls, and that their sons prefer to play with trucks. Why do you think that is?
3. In the world today, is it easier to be male or female? Why do you think so?
4. Write down the names of five women who are or have been important in your life. In pairs / groups, talk about the strengths of these women. What have you learned from them? What would you like to thank them for?
5. Talk about what you think must be the best things and the worst things about being a member of the other sex in your country.